In this post I will write about Operating Systems, but first we need to know what it is.
Operating Systems: It is the most important program that execute on a computer. Every general-purpose computer must have an operating system to execute other programs. They are used for recognizing the input from the keyboard, sending output to the display screen, keeping track of files and directories on the disk, and controlling devices such as disk drives and printers. It is like the brain of your computer.
Parts of a Operating System:
*Kernel: It represents the
operating system's basic functions such as management of memory, processes,
files, main inputs or outputs and communication functions.
*Shell: It allows communication with
the operating system via a control language, letting the user control the
peripherals without knowing the characteristics of the hardware used,
management of physical addresses, etc.
*File System: It allows the files to be
recorded in a tree structure.
Operating systems can be classified as follows:-Multi-user: This allows two or more users to execute programs at the same time. Some operating systems permit hundreds or even thousands of simultaneous users.
-Multiprocessing: This supports executing a program on more than one CPU.
-Multitasking: This allows more than one program to execute at the same time.
-Multithreading: It allows different parts of a single program to execute simultaneous.
-Real time: It responds to entry instantly. DOS and UNIX, are not real-time.
Some examples of Operating Systems are:
Windows 7:
It is the successor of Windows Vista. It is an operating system produced by Microsoft for use on personal computers, including home and business desktops, laptops, netbooks, tablets, and media center PCs.
Windows 7 is an incremental upgrade designed to work with Vista-compatible applications and hardware. It is perform by an updated Windows shell with a new taskbar, also referred as the Superbar, a home networking system called HomeGroup, and performance improvements. Some standard applications that have been included with prior releases of Microsoft Windows, including Windows Calendar, Windows Mail, Windows Movie Maker, and Windows Photo Gallery, are not included in Windows 7. Most are instead offered separately at no charge as part of the Windows Essentials suite.Windows 7 is succeeded by Windows 8.
It is one of the biggest changes Microsoft has made to their operating system since Windows 95. It has some new programming and technology that allows it to run quicker and provide a better look and feel to the users. It will not be only available for desktop and laptop computers, it will be also available to some tablets. Windows 8 includes a tablet interface, called Metro, which is compatible with touch-screen displays, like those on a tablet. The users can still use the standard windows desktop interface as if they prefer. It also contains a new Start screen, which replaces the start button. and include Internet Explorer 10, as well as natively support USB 3.0. Users will have the option of using a Microsoft account to login to Windows 8 or even two other new authentication methods for login. In addition, Windows 8 tdevice or rotating it in three dimensions that it includes. Apple does not allow installation of the iOS operatingakes advantage of new technologies like 4Kn Advanced Format, field communications, cloud computing, and the low-power ARM,security features such as built-in antivirus capabilities, a installation process only for digital distribution, and support for secure and synchronization of certain apps and settings.
IOS:
It Is a operating system created and distributed by Apple Inc. It was originally called the IPhone Operating System. It has the concept of a mobile
operating system. This operating system was release in 2007 for the iPhone, and it has been extended to support other
Apple devices such as the IPod Touch, IPad and Apple TV. The user interface of iOS is based on the concept of direct manipulation, using multi-touch
gestures. This multi-touch functions controls the elements of sliders, switches, and buttons. The interaction with this operating system inclkdes gestures like swipe,
tap, pinch, and reverse
pinch, all of these have specific functions in the iOS and also its multi-touch interface. The internal accelerometers are used by some applications to answer to
shaking the system on non-Apple hardware,
and the company also places strict controls on the applications and services
you can run on iOS. These
policies permit to make iOS run more efficiently and securely, but they also limit
the extent to which IT administrators can manage these devices.
Android
is a Linux-based operating system designed at first for touchscreen mobile
devices such as smartphones and tablets. It is the world's most popular mobile
platform. Initially
it was created and distributed by Android, Inc., which Google bought in
2005, Android was unveiled in 2007 with
the founding of the Open Handset Alliance as a result of this: the consortium
of hardware, software, and telecommunication companies dedicated to advancing
the open standards for mobile devices.The
first Android-powered phone with its operating system was sold in October 2008.
With Android you can use all the Google apps you know and love, and there are more than 600,000 apps and games
available on Google Play to keep you entertained, millions of songs and books,
and thousands of movies.
Linux is a powerful and standards-based operating system that is
actually the fastest growing computer operating system on the planet. Linux
offers speed, performance, stability, and reliability that surpasses of
commercial operating systems costing a lot of money. Linux contains all the characteristics required of modern desktop PCs,
corporate file servers, firewalls, routers, and Internet servers. It is the only non-proprietary operating
system that is currently demonstrating positive growth. Since it is made available under the GNU Public License as an open
source product, Linux may be downloaded free of charge via the Internet, or buy
for a small fee on CD-ROM. Even though Linux was originally designed to operate
only on Intel-based PCs, portable and modular coding has allowed it to become
increasingly hardware independent.Today, Linux operates on an impressive and growing list of hardware
platforms. Linux is also finding its way into enchase devices that are used in a growing
number of modern electronic devices.
OS X:
OS X is the world’s most advanced operating system, which is built on a
proven UNIX foundation and with a GPU-accelerated desktop, intuitive networking
services, and system-wide optimization for multicore CPUs.Along with the Xcode developer toolset, you have a powerful platform
upon which to create engaging, innovative, and high-performance apps. OS X is
built around a powerful, integrated stack of graphics technologies, including
Core Animation, AV Foundation, Core Image and OpenGL.Working together, these graphics frameworks make possible cutting-edge
user interface characteristics including 2D and 3D drawing, animation, and
multimedia. You can use these same APIs and built-in effects to get that “wow”
factor in your application or create your own unique experiences. OS X provides exceptional stability and performance. Built for 64-bit
applications and multi-core processors.
Unix:
It is a popular multi-user, multitasking operating system invented at
Bell Labs and by a handful of programmers, UNIX was designed to be a small,
flexible system used exclusively by programmers. UNIX was one of the first
operating systems to be written in a high-level programming language. This
meant that it could be installed on virtually any computer for which a high-level
programming language compiler existed. This natural portability combined with its low price made it a popular
choice in the universities. It is a stable, multi-user, multi-tasking system for servers, desktops
and laptops. UNIX systems also have a graphical user interface similar to
Microsoft Windows which provides an easy to use environment. However, the knowledge
of UNIX is required for operations which aren't covered by a graphical program,
or for when there is no windows interface available. There are many different versions of UNIX, although they share common
similarities. The UNIX operating system
is made of three parts; the kernel, the shell and the programs.
